Thursday, March 3, 2011

Movies - The Politically Incorrect Films That Cannot Be Shot Today

As a movie fan I watch as many old films as new ones. Every week I watch at least 3 or 4 movies that were shot back in the 40s, 50s or the 60s. And it's amazing how politically incorrect quite a few of them are.

For example, I have watched both the EXODUS (1960) and MUNICH (2005) within the same week and it's amazing to see the ways in which international politics does influence both screenwriting and the directorial choices.

EXODUS is a flat out pro-Israeli story of the creation of the state of Israel. This almost 3.5 hours long epic film by Otto Preminger is certainly very educational, a fantastic entertainment and does not hide the fact that at least one Jewish underground group, the Irgun, employed terrorism as a technique. However, it is still largely a very sympathetic take on the formation of Israel. There is no question about that.

MUNICH (2005), on the other hand, is full of complicated moral judgments, self questioning and paranoia that is foreign to EXODUS. Although a strong supporter of Israel himself, director Steven Spielberg's approach definitely reflects the changes that our world went through since 1960.

The world of MUNICH is not the clean black-and-white world of the EXODUS. In MUNICH both sides kill for the causes they ardently believe in but what all that struggle does to a man's soul is not clear. The moral judgment is still out there left hanging in the balance of many hard questions.

Or take the SCARFACE (1983), the De Palma cult classic that launched Al Pacino's stellar movie career and still continues to influence the hip-hop culture and videos today.

Even back in 1983 this film was so controversial that it could not be shot in Miami. All the "Miami" scenes were actually shot in Los Angeles. The screenwriter Oliver Stone, knowing the kind of controversy it would create, did not first want to touch the subject but the $300,000 writing fee proved to be too much for a mortal to resist.

Tony Montana is not the only Cuban profile highlighted in SCARFACE. Montana's mother, for example, who totally disapproves his violent drug-dealer career, gives us the "other Cubans" also living in Miami. But due to its incredible violence (remember the chainsaw scene?) and the over-the-top portrayal of The-World-Is-Yours Montana by Al Pacino, most Cubans at the time felt that this movie disparaged the Cuban culture and community and did not want to have anything to do with it. Probably they still feel that way and I can easily understand why.

23 years later not only there would be even more outrage for a film like SCARFACE but probably there would not be even any financing to underwrite such a project, given the prominence and political clout of the American Hispanic community. I think SCARFACE is another politically incorrect film that cannot be produced today.

How about the GODFATHER series? I think the tremendous success of HBO's SOPRANOS has proven that the "Italian-American mafia stories" are still acceptable to a certain degree, especially if they have a modern touch to them (the mafia boss who visits a psychiatrist regularly and worries about his son's performance at school). What's next? A "green mafia boss" who drives a Toyota Prius and leads the crusade against corporations that dump their toxic waste into the ocean? (Hey, there's a million dollar plot for you!)

Another movie that cannot be shot today is THE GETAWAY (1972) starring Steve McQuinn and Ali MacGraw. If you've seen this one you'll remember the scene in which McQuinn actually whacks MacGraw right across the mouth and... she does not hit back! If this was a contemporary film shot in 2006, we would definitely see the female lead character getting back even with the impulsive macho lead. Our modern definition of love does not include an unanswered slap across the face anymore - unless perhaps it is a study in masochism.

Which reminds me of another controversial scene from an otherwise great movie - THE PHILADELPHIA STORY (1940). Remember the scene in which Cary Grant pushes Katherine Hepburn's face rudely and sends her reeling back to the floor (although we don't actually see it)? Try doing that in a modern rom-com and watch the howl of protest from all movie lovers and critics. It would be a sure-fire way to box office disaster.

Ugur Akinci, Ph.D. is a Creative Copywriter, Editor, an experienced and award-winning Technical Communicator specializing in fundraising packages, direct sales copy, web content, press releases, movie reviews and hi-tech documentation. He has worked as a Technical Writer for Fortune 100 companies for the last 7 years.

In addition to being an Ezine Articles Expert Author, he is also a Senior Member of the Society for Technical Communication (STC), and a Member of American Writers and Artists Institute (AWAI).

Good International Corporate Governance

IOD in London consulting on good corporate governance

It was announced recently that the Institute of Directors is to train Russian and Chinese businesses in good corporate governance. London is considered the centre of the trading world in financial terms and investors can invest in emerging and growing economies as well as the traditional markets.

China is establishing its corporate governance structures by following the Anglo-American model. However, the country does not yet have the necessary formal and informal institutions, or the financial infrastructure to make these structures work effectively. A culture of secrecy and sheer exploitation, that has existed for many years, has to turn into the openness and disclosure of everything to all comers who wish to invest, that is largely the trademark of US and the UK. It took the UK a few hundred years from the adventurers like Sir Walter Raleigh to John Castaing in 1698 in his Coffee House to 1801, when the first regulated exchange came into existence. The US managed it relatively quickly, simply because they had to, if they did not want their baby economy disintegrating into mush, as it did - almost-in the 1920's Depression.

With globalisation comes a whole new set of issues and problems apart from finding multilingual employees to fill all the new language jobs that will arise. We cannot change cultures and ways of working overnight- the Chinese civilisation is far older than ours. However many of these emerging markets want to 'join in' and benefit from the wealth of the global economy, so undoubtedly they will have some sort of baptism of fire and will quickly adopt many of the standards and ethics of those institutions like the London Stock Exchange and Wall Street. They have worked pretty well over the years and can limit any damage that can potentially arise with new markets.

Rather than employ a big stick to get everyone in line, a carrot in the form of education and persuasion will work better - hence the involvement of the IOD in the process. The IOD is an old and revered institution, a non party political organisation and no doubt will be able to provide an smooth passage to worldwide trading.

Entitlement - How it Affects Our Finances, Our Relationships and Our Lives

In this article we are going to look at how entitlement works globally and see the reasons behind our bank failures, our pension failures, our financial institutions and then we'll bring it into a very personal level of how our attitudes of entitlement are bringing failures into our own lives. We'll look at ways to reverse this. We'll look at the issue of why our attitudes of entitlement are a luxury that we can no longer afford.

In the old days, on a global level, our standard of living was much lower. Our cars were basic, our entertainment was much less costly and in most economies around the world, families were able to make it on one income.

Over the years, as our standard of living rose higher and higher, it now takes two incomes just to survive. Instead of using one car for the family, now we see two cars or more for the family. Instead of just going to a movie and some place inexpensive for dinner for a special night out - now we have very expensive forms of entertainment.

In the old days, when we had a much lower standard of living people actually sat around in the evening and talked to one another. They even read books. They listened to the radio and used their imagination to recreate the scenes in their heads. If you had a telephone, it was a luxury. People made appointments to see one another, they didn't sit on the phone for hours on end. Nowadays, there's very little personal interaction. People sit on cellphones, they do text messaging, they sit on their computers, they do instant messaging, emails or messageboards - and social interaction has become a thing of the past.

We are now leading very insular lives and the end result is that we have more cases of depression, especially among teenagers and young adults. We see more people today on anti-depressants than any other time in the history of mankind. This is more than just being dissatisfied with your lot in life. It has more to do with feeling a lack of purpose in your life. Having family and friends around you to share the good times and the bad times. This is about being able to live your life without having a single person in your life. Anything and everything that you can possibly want or need can be purchased online. You don't ever have to leave your house. In so many different ways we can see the breakdown of the family and of the community coinciding with the breakdown of the economy.

The higher standard of living that we've grown accustomed to isn't really about buying toilet paper in different colours, but it's actually separating ourselves from the family unit. Instead of listening to the radio and using our creative imagination, or reading a book and letting it take us to different locales, now we have to be entertained. Now we don't entertain ourselves. Now we need TV, video games, the internet...but the worst part is that we have isolated ourselves from each other.

Instead of conversation, we plant ourselves in front of TV's. Instead of board games that can be played with the family, we're now playing games on the computers - we're having online relationships that are usually disappointing and we aren't reading books like we used to. People used to have to develop social skills. Now with modern technology and a lack of social interaction, social skills seem to be at the bottom of the list of priorities.

Unfortunately the ills of society cannot be reversed by waving a magic wand over them. As a rule people don't change unless they are forced to change. So how do we get past this attitude of entitlement? That the world owes us a living? That if you don't have what you want that it's ok to steal?

How do we go back to the basics of child-rearing?
Where the parents made the rules and the children obeyed them. How do we get parents to see that their permissive attitude is damaging their children? That it's not ok to whine and cry until you get your own way. That we're raising a generation of children who are growing up to be irresponsible adults who are not held accountable for their actions.
These same children will grow up to be dissatisfied with life, blaming others for their failures and not able to hold down a job.

So before we can fix the economy, we have to fix ourselves. We have to learn how to put back into the community what we have taken from it. We have to hold our bankers and our financial institutions accountable for everything. Our greed on a personal level corresponds with the greed on a corporate level. We have only to look at the increase in shoplifting to the CEO's of major corporations who have stolen from their company's pension funds. Now that we're facing very very hard times, we need to see how our attitude is causing our own destruction.

When the economy started to go down, a taxi driver in New York City was asked what he was going to do if people didn't have enough money to take taxis and he couldn't pay his bills. Without batting an eyelid and having to think twice about it, he said "I'd steal."

I heard of a woman in her 40's who walked through the produce department of a supermarket and started to eat the grapes and cherries that were on display. She didn't pay for them, nor did she feel guilty for having taken them. It was as if she had the right to sample whatever goods were out there. Although security would not have been called for pilfering grapes, especially since the goods would not be found on her, it's easy to see why a storeowner's losses would have to be passed onto its customers.

When doctors and patients submit fraudulent insurance claims - those costs aren't just washed away - they get passed onto the other people who are insured.

I recently heard of a man who went into the hospital and was there for close to a month. A neighbour of his was one of his golfing buddies, and he was also a doctor. And every day he came to the hospital, he said hello to his friend. They talked about gold, about politics, their hobbies... and not once did he discuss this man's medical problems.. and this man thought it was very nice of his neighbour to drop by. When he got his bill from the hospital, he was absolutely outraged to see that that neighbour charged his insurance company for every single visit for the month that he was there.

While most people would shrug their shoulders and not do anything about it because they didn't have to pay for it out of their own pocket, this man called his insurance company and reported the fraud. He then called this doctor friend of his and told him that if he didn't call the insurance company and rectify his mistake, he was going to contact the media and start an investigation. They lived in a small town and the doctor realised that he would be forced out of business if he didn't drop the charges, which is probably the only reason he eventually notified the insurance company that he was dropping those charges.

The entitlement issues we face today can be traced back to the low standards we set for our children. The bar needs to be set higher, much higher. We are raising children who reach adulthood as grasping individuals taking whatever they can from whomever they wish without stopping to question their actions.

I recently heard of a widow in her late 50's who sold the farm that she and her husband had owned for all of their marriage. She moved to a smaller place and planned on using the profits from the sale as her retirement income. Her children were so angry that they even refused to speak to her. They felt that the money from the sale was their inheritance and it should go to them. What kind of distorted thinking is that? She and her husband had worked the farm, had put in their life's energy in that farm and she had every right to sell it and do whatever she wished with the money she received from it. Her adult children were living their own lives, earning their own money, and not supporting her. They weren't entitled to one cent, yet they are trying to make her feel guilty for taking what she so rightfully earned.

In the US, they have been conducting surveys among middle management to upper-management employees who were laid off when their company's downsized. There seems to be a growing trend among these people to try for a few months to find other employment, but then shortly afterwards, they give up and stop looking because they cannot find a job that pays the same kind of money. What we see happening to these people - they empty out their retirement funds, their pensions, their savings accounts, their family's savings accounts, and mortgage their houses to the hilt. They have decided not to look for a job. If they cannot get the kind of money that they had been making, they are choosing to go on unemployment for however long it lasts and to live off everyone else. Some of them are sending their spouses to work at menial jobs, others are collecting food stamps and welfare and this number is growing rapidly. These are people who are able-bodied and capable of working but who choose not to - and society is supporting them.

You don't have to look further than this to see how a country's economic crisis is irrevocably tied to the entitlement issues of its populace.

A couple of years ago, I heard of a teenager who asked her father for a car after she got her license. Her parents were divorced and her father was trying to compensate for not being in the house as a full-time dad. He didn't have much money so he got her a new Volkswagen. She was so angry that he didn't get her a luxury car, that she deliberately rammed her car into a stone wall and practically demolished it. Her father couldn't even claim on the insurance because it was deliberate. He ended up buying her a used car so that she would have transportation. This father, as well-meaning as he probably thought he was, only contributed to his daughter's sense of entitlement. Had I been that child's parent, I would never have bought her a replacement car and I would have had her go out and get a job and pay back, each week from her salary, every penny of the amount of the new car that she had been given.

This disregard for property, for other people's financial problems, and for other people's feelings represents the kind of attitude that is running rampant among many cultures. When parents accept this kind of behaviour from their children, they are setting their children up for failure as adults and of course this plays right into the failure of the economy of countries around the world.

How can we expect our politicians, our bankers, our financial institutions, our corporations, to exhibit more accountability than we expect from our own children?

Many children, single and married, move back home into their parents' home because they cannot afford to make it on their own. At what point does a parent know that a child must learn how to survive on their own and stop taking money from their parents? At what point do parents know when they are causing more harm than good by continuing to treat their offspring as children? When they continue to make life easy for their children, these children will not know how to survive on their own when their parents die. It is far better to teach children moral and financial responsibility when they are young than have to learn it the hard way when they are older.

I had to learn this the hard way myself. My father kept on giving me money, even when I was in my 30's and I never really learned how to be independent financially. It took me telling him that I didn't need his help (even when I really did at the time), and then I learned how to stand on my own two feet and how to earn and manage money effectively.

I could go on and on giving you examples of entitlement in every strata of society, but the ones that I have cited are ample demonstrations of how we're contributing to the downfall of our economy. We're doing this on the local level, the national level and the international level. We're taking the path of least resistance and while we're holding everyone else accountable for their actions, we're taking no responsibility for our own.

It's time to reverse the status quo: Let's try an experiment: for one week, between this show and next week's show, try denying yourself something 3 times a day. Learn how to say no to yourself. Learn how to question your actions, how to observe them and question the validity of them.

Can US Afford Political Gridlock Already?

With the near collapse of the financial system in 2008, the Bush Administration, with the Republican party in control of both houses of Congress, took aggressive, unprecedented action. The government was not grid-locked. Decisive action was possible and was taken.

As President Bush described it in his just-released book Decision Points, credit markets had seized up, panic was rampant, the financial system was on the brink of collapse, and an already severe recession threatened to drop the economy off a cliff into another Great Depression.

So the Bush Administration, with Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Fed chairman Ben Bernanke as point men, brokered the sale of troubled investment bank Bear Stearns and brokerage firm Merrill Lynch to stronger financial firms, took over giant housing lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and in the near-panic after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, rescued giant financial firm AIG with an infusion of $85 billion (in exchange for warrants on the company's stock that made the government 79.9% owner of the company).

There were plenty of critics. Responses at the time to my columns supporting government intervention mostly ran along the lines of, "Let the banks collapse, they asked for it with their greedy actions." "Why should the government use tax-payer money to bail out home-owners who bought houses they couldn't afford?" "Let a depression come and wipe everyone out. Then we can start over again and do it right."

In the continuing financial crisis the Treasury Department next established the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), funded with $700 billion to purchase the troubled assets of financial institutions. The Federal Reserve launched a quantitative easing program to buy more than a $trillion of mortgage-backed securities and U.S. treasury bonds.

In his book, Bush acknowledges that the actions his administration took were "a breath-taking intervention in the free market.... My friends back home in Texas were going to ask what happened to the free market guy they knew.... But markets had ceased to function."

His administration used the same reasoning in its November, 2008 decision to bail out the auto industry. In his book he explains that "With the free market still not functioning, I had to safeguard American workers and families from widespread collapse."

Fast forward to 2009.

Unhappy that the Bush administration decisions had not already ended the worst recession since the Great Depression, voters had passed the baton to President Obama and the Democratic party, providing it also with control of both houses of Congress.

The Obama administration made much the same assessment of the still plunging economy, continued freeze up of the financial system, and need for continuing the unprecedented government intervention in the free market system.

As the recession worsened in the early months of 2009, and the stock market continued its bear market plunge, the Obama administration (and Democratic-controlled Congress) extended the Bush administration TARP program, provided an additional $60 billion credit line to AIG, launched a more expensive auto industry bail-out when the Bush Administration's $19 billion bailout effort failed to prevent the bankruptcies of Chrysler and General Motors, introduced costly bonuses to home-buyers and 'cash for clunkers' programs, and continued the high levels of government spending.

Timothy Geithner had replaced former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, and used reasoning similar to his predecessor for intervening in the free market system, saying, "Critical parts of our financial system are damaged, international trade is contracting sharply as finance has dried up, and the recession is worsening. This is a dangerous dynamic and we must arrest it. Too many Americans have lost their jobs and too many businesses will fail, creating more job losses, if we don't take forceful actions."

A year later, even though the stock market had launched into an impressive new bull market in March, 2009, and the recession had officially ended in June, 2009, it did not seem that conditions had improved to voters, dismayed that the housing industry remained in shambles, unemployment remained high, and the federal budget deficit was still hitting new record highs.

So in the mid-term elections, voters decided to make another change, this time creating potential government gridlock, putting one party in control of the House, and leaving the other in control of the Senate. The popular opinion is that a government that can't get anything accomplished is preferable to having either party in power.

Voters don't seem to remember the magnitude of the previous crisis or that both parties, when separately in power, were in agreement that temporary intervention in the free market system was necessary. A poll by the non-partisan Pew Research Center a few months ago found that fifty percent of Republicans, 46% of Democrats, and 44% of Independents did not remember that the government bailouts of financial institutions (and auto companies) were launched during the Bush Administration and Republican control of Congress, incorrectly believing they were launched after Obama became president in 2009.

Actually if the efforts succeed, they can share the credit. If they fail they can share the blame.

Meanwhile, there have been other times in the past when having one party or the other in the White House and in the majority in Congress was critical to the government being able to take timely actions in the face of serious financial problems or military threats. There have been other times of financial stability and good times when gridlock and the inability of politicians to play their games was a good thing.

Hopefully, voters got it right in the mid-term elections, that we are now in one of those long benign periods of financial stability when gridlock is preferable, when government will not need the ability to make quick and decisive responses to unexpected developments.

Gold As a Reserve Asset and the Online Finance Service To Manage It

In many areas of everyday living, gold performs vital functions. Gold is actually a quality, high tech metal and very well demanded by the industry. Therefore, investors are content with the decision to pursue the best investment opportunity.

Even as gold is no longer the backbone for the brick and mortar international financial system, most banks still find it to be an important asset. More importantly, gold is the only reserved asset that is not held liable due to its face value. Meaning it is not held responsible or accountable for the trend of economic policies or disturbed inflation. It continues to retain value over many centuries.

As it appears, the current level of demand for gold outweighs the gold supply for the gold miner to produce. Throughout history, due to its beauty, warmth and spiritual connotation, it is now the most admired metal. The gold miner continues to produce gold at massive levels. The exported revenue is vital as it brings royalty and investment opportunity for low economic countries.

Gold can be repudiated and held as a safeguard against potential crisis because it is not any individual's liability. More so, the gold bullion does not vulnerable to the political issue compare to major asset classes such as United States government bonds, or Treasury bills. Gold as a valuable investment is also excluded from the disadvantages of the economical and/or monetary polices of any government. Significantly, gold has developed into a revolutionary digital or electronic currency, or what we normally heard of as e-currency all over the world.

If you are keen to invest in gold, then the problem of purchasing, holding or keeping the physical gold can be your major drawback as it will cause you too much hassle, not only for you but also everybody else. Alternatively, you can purchase digital gold via online and keep it in the reliable and trustworthy internet payment processor system. This way, no storage space is needed and no worry.

The Perfect Money is not just the top online banking and finance service but also offers you a secure, fast, and reliable internet payment processor system service for buying, selling and exchanging gold funds.

International Business Dealings

When one talks about international business, it simply connotes business dealings between two countries. Transactions would include a country's resources; whether it be the goods exported, the skills of people and/or financial assets that will benefit either the construction industry, finance, banking and other services.

Nowadays, our society is considered global in terms of business, technology and communication despite the many issues and debates going around it.

Pursuing an international business career can be quite a challenge for many. Unlike the local trade, one needs to understand the different cultures of other countries to be successful. Other than it gives the opportunity to travel, one gets to learn other language and study their different principles and beliefs. You should have a deep interest to be successful in this career.

Other than that, it is also a requirement that you have a background and skills in Math, communication and the most important one's creativity and uniqueness. You cannot simply expect to use the same method in dealing with one group of people to another. You must instead learn to adapt each time or you will be left behind.

Modern technology in communication does not hold any barrier in dealing in any business dealings because of easy access. Take the Internet for example. Because of it, business can be conducted within minutes despite the distance of the different contracting parties.

Information is easily passed from one country to another because of Internet access and all the fast abilities it presents to people. This makes collaboration between other countries easy when it comes to sales, marketing, manufacturing and even outsourcing of tasks. Whatever problems you face may it be financial or technical, it can be easily addressed.

It is not surprising that many are considering pursuing an international business career as it is one potential profession. To be successful, you need to understand how business is done based on the different cultures of every country. Once you achieve this, you can establish a strong business relationship with colleagues from other nations.

Always be prepared by researching about your clients before you venture out to talk business with them. An open mind is essential for you to be able to deal with the differences of culture, language and political system. Without thinking that way, I am afraid you will always struggle with fulling getting the concept of international business and all the positives it can bring to the table.

Ensure Your International Move is Silky Smooth

As many of four out of 10 people over the age of 55 are considering moving to a foreign country in order to enjoy their retirement, according to the results of a new survey.

Data released by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office went on to show that of those planning to jet off to sunnier climes, 38 per cent will go within the next five years. It seems that the unpredictability of the British weather is one of the main reasons why people are looking to move abroad, but according to the survey, they are forgetting to consider things such as the local language and the political situation in their chosen destination.

There are many things to consider when you're looking to move to a foreign country. And while you might not realise it initially, going to live abroad after spending all of your life in the UK is a massive change. Finding somewhere to live, organising your finances and selling your home in Britain are just a few of the things that will no doubt need to be considered.

With so many things that only you can take care of, don't underestimate the benefits of offloading other jobs onto someone else. Arranging for your worldly belongings to be shipped halfway around the globe can be the cause of some major headaches, which is why so many people pass the responsibility on to an experienced international removals firm.

The industry's leading companies can make your move abroad far smoother by relieving you of the stress of moving and handling everything from the estimation quote to packing, shipping, delivery and unpacking at the other end, leaving you free to concentrate on other things.

When you employ a team of expert movers you are not just paying for their ability to move your belongings from A to B, you're paying for their experience. The best companies will be able to talk you through every step of the removals process and answer any questions that come up as the move progresses. Having someone on the end of the phone who can reassure you or help you get over a hurdle can be worth its weight in gold.

International Entrepreneur Traps For Micro-Enterprises

In a world where we can connect with almost anyone the excitement of starting an international business is certainly attractive to many. It probably started as - "Darn that is a good idea - I bet someone in the world will want to buy my goods." After all, there is always a demand for something, somewhere - right? You're smart, so you make a plan, line up a supplier, financing, a few contacts and start shipping. What can go wrong?

In simple terms, you cannot make the assumption that people in different countries operate in the same manner as you. Below are some of the larger issues associated with starting an international business.

Foreign markets may not work the same as your own: Each country has their own work ethic, values and traditional ways of conducting business.Other countries may seem disorganized, slow and business is conducted in what might appear to be a casual atmosphere. In contrast you may appear to be too direct, non-trusting or offensive in a manner in which you did not expect. This is an issue of perception not fact.

Uncontrollable factors:

  • Corruption - from custom agents to dock workers, expect delays and extra costs (money to encourage facilitation)
  • Errors on classifications and tariffs
  • Change in a port of entry
  • Political climate
  • Once product has arrived the terms of deal may change

Other factors:
  • International banking laws - vary from country to country, fees vary greatly
  • Country specific laws governing whom may do business
  • Language barriers - you or your contacts may not have the skill to resolve some issues
  • The product may not sell as quickly as anticipated
  • Collection issues are a part of all economies

The good news is the risks can be minimized by taking the following actions

  • Think your plan through - leave nothing to chance
  • Deal only with trusted friends, family or contacts that can provide references
  • Visit the country you are going to do business in and develop personal relationships with all parties. Get "Face-to-Face".
  • Make sure you have a clear understanding of the need for your product
  • Perform a test run of the plan from shipping to collection
  • Have a contact for problem resolution (International Attorney)

Fixing Internal Communications

Have you ever noticed how hard it is for companies to get the word out to its employees? Talk to almost any senior executives or any HR leader and you discover that in companies of 5 or companies of 50,000 getting the right information to the right people at the right time is a persistent problem. Talking with and among ourselves is much more challenging than talking with customers, partners or investors.

And yet if you work inside a company and truly analyze the issue, you quickly discover that companies are their own worst enemies when it comes to cueing their people about everything from marketplace strategy to company holidays to the availability of flu shots.

Here's why ...

Too Many Messages

In most organizations employees get official messages almost every day. Employees are bombarded with everything from statements of strategy or policy to changing details about parking or benefit programs to IT alerts to schedule changes for blood drives and softball games. The vast majority of these messages are ignored and possibly deleted before they are read because employees see no value in them. In fact, most employees get so much e-mail that unless it's from their boss or their immediate team members, it automatically gets less attention.

Nobody seems to be in charge of editing or prioritizing messages. There is no contact strategy in place that would dictate how many contacts are too many contacts for effective communication. Most firms don't have a publishing calendar in place that could cue employees that C level stuff is announced on Mondays and HR announcements always come on Fridays.

One-Size-Fits All

Most corporate messages have one text and one flavor. Any given message may or may not be applicable to everyone but usually it's easier to blast it out to the entire company than to target the message or to write variations based on relevance or receptivity. The global blast also instantly satisfies a C level query about getting the word out.

But if you ask anyone they'll quickly tell you that finance people understand process and prefer to get their information in ways that are distinct and different from sales guys or engineers. But hardly anyone acknowledges or acts on these known differences when crafting or transmitting internal or employee messages.

Similarly even data-centric companies don't seem to be able to sort employees on the basis of relevant facts. Most can't just ping everyone who has a particular laptop model or quickly isolate those who have taken a certain option in the dental plan. So instead everyone gets all messages which in turn trains the cadre to ignore all messages.

No Priorities

If you look at employee communications everything is top priority. Few companies use different names or different fonts to distinguish between really important messages and routine information. As a result everything is important and nothing is important. Employees treat the corporate messenger like the kid who cried "wolf." As a result changes in pricing or new product introductions often get the same weight and attention as birthdays, service anniversaries and bake sales.

Too Much Spin

Too many companies ignore the reservoir of goodwill, willingness to believe and need for belonging that exists among their work force. In an over-regulated, litigious and spin-doctored environment, the leadership rarely talks straight to the rank and file. Every word is processed and the result is a transparent "party line" which is instantly discredited by the people who really know what's going on because they show up for work each day, pay attention and care much more than you think.

No one really believes that "right sizing" and "re-engineering" benefits is good for them. Everyone already knows which products are hits and which are misses long before any official announcement. Anyone vaguely paying attention has a pretty good feel for the interplay of profits, politics and personalities within their own organizations, even in mega global ones. So why isn't there more straight talk to and among the people who inevitably have to bear the burdens and implement the changes?

Usually the leadership feels it has to process internal messaging to protect security and to avoid any appearance or potential claim of "insider" trading. But there are very few real secrets other than intentions and timing. And most of them are usually already on the minds of employees interested in the future of their companies.

Alternative Networks

In every company there are individuals who have credibility or tenure who informally connect people to other people. These are the people who have lived through a thousand policy changes, who help you figure out how to get stuff done, who know which person can expedite your expenses and who have friends and information sources spread out all over the organization.

The "rumor mills" or "jungle drums" are informal communication networks that talk plainly, transmit faster and have more credibility than any official form of internal communication. They not only edit, filter and assess information, but they play to our need to know and our desire to have the real "skinny" on events unfolding in front of our eyes. Sometimes these neural networks are connected to each other. Often they are limited within a facility or within a team or business unit. Nonetheless they almost always trump the official employee communications system.

So what's a forward thinking company to do?
Leverage what we've learned in direct and online marketing and apply it to internal communications.

Consider these first steps.

1. Segment Audiences. Priority

Separate out groups of people to get relevant messages rather than send the same message to everyone. Build separate lists to get separate messages. Write different versions of the same message aimed at presenting information in different ways to distinct personality or work group types. Establish contact strategies that govern how many messages each employee can get per month. These can be based on location, rank or work assignment, but less is definitely more.

2. Get Opt-ins & Set Preferences.

When people choose to get messages they pay more attention, open them quicker and act on them faster. Allow employees to opt-into messages and to specify either the frequency on which they are contacted or the medium used. Some people still prefer the phone or a flyer to e-mail. All the research shows that when marketers ask for opt-ins and facilitate preferences and then deliver on them, they breed strong loyalty and greater customer lifetime value. It's a lesson easily applied to employees.

3. Use Different Formats.

We've learned from countless Internet retailers that different formats, headers and copy can instantly cue readers about the urgency, import or significance of a message. Eliminating frequent messages by grouping information by topics and/or establishing an easy-to-follow publication calendar will also increase awareness, attention and open rates.

4. Map the Neural Networks.

Marketers and information architects have made remarkable strides in network mapping and analysis so much so that it is possible and even easy to map the informal networks within your organization. Understanding which people are influencers and key opinion leaders gives you a high priority target audience to educate, inform or persuade about important company issues.

The International Market

Before international business is carried out, the most essential goods have to be in place. These can be in form of capital, skilled man power and in return you will be getting foreign aid, finances and many more profitable services.

Countries have resorted to guns and bombs in order to resolve their international business hatred. In most cases, this comes about due to the need to get raw materials which a certain country may not possess. In the end, they decide to invade some country to fulfill their selfish ambitions.

I don't want you to confuse the domestic trade with the international one because the latter is more complicated. A lot of effort has to be invested so that you can find out the way it is administered before you can take part. Consider the currency and language differences for status.

After putting the above point in mind, make sure you have extraordinary language and bargaining skills if you are to become successful in international business. You are going to come across a lot of competitors and you don't have to look back because you have to face them in order for you to achieve.

The internet has hindered the restriction of international trade because the citizens are free to do whatever they want. This prompts them to engage in this fruitful venture hence they end up making their deals without any one limiting them.

The only reason why many people have got the guts to participate in international business is because the various business sites on the internet give them all the guidelines they should put in mind while carrying out the trade. This makes the masses very well aware of the currency of other nations.

In the nearby future, this trade will reach its peak only if the people involved put their hands together to make it possible.

International Business Program

Apparently, on the international arena, the international business involves the transactions between two nations. Most of the time economic resources are the primary goods of transactions such as skills, people and capital for several purposes such as finance, construction, banking and services. In the 21st century where technology, corporations and communications are vital, many are claiming that our world is now a global society with plenty of international issues related to business, even causing hot debates and controversies.

The international business career is entirely different from the domestic trade as it involves the understanding of diverse cultures. From there we can conclude that it is now a desirable skill in the market so it should be your ideal field of study or occupation if travelling, understand foreign cultures, and cultivating new languages are your interest forte. Besides, due to the need to deal with numerous different people, you should be well equipped with some math skills, brilliant communication skills as well as some passionate creative thinking.

Upon the implementation of international business, the current economy contains no strong national boundaries and they are constantly diminishing. It does not come with one primary factor; it is caused by the massive electronic communication, particularly the internet. The great sharing and transfer of immediate knowledge from one corner to another opposite side of the world allows the proliferation of information thus triggering the collaboration of marketing, sales, outsourcing and manufacturing. Besides, the wide networks of most financial institutions have helped in addressing currency problems as aid can be delivered almost instantaneously.

No doubt, the international business career is one potential field to develop. But of course, one who intends to specialize in this area should comprehend will the intricacies of establishing a strong business association with partners from other nations. The difference in culture, political systems, understanding and language is definitely a challenge in the business collaboration. Always perform sufficient research beforehand and carry an open mind to make the deal a success.

The Importance of International Trade and Investment Treaties for Mozambique

The role of treaties in the promotion of trade and investments

International treaties are now, more than in the past, playing a fundamental role in international trade relations. With the fast developing communication systems and technology, and as the phenomenon of globalization of economy is affecting all aspects of modern activities, transactions between countries on all continents are becoming more complex and intricate. With this new 21st century, trade and foreign investment transactions, as well as capital flows have reached unprecedented levels. The more complex are the trade operations, the higher is the number of rules and treaties adopted for a safer management and fairer governance of the global market.

It is estimated that there are currently more than 50.000 international treaties. Around 600 of these treaties deal only with multilateral trade issues. There are 210 major treaties of prime interest for the promotion of trade and investment, covering issues of highest concern in the global trade such as international contracts, investment, intellectual property, illicit trade, customs, finance, transport, environment and products, dispute resolution, treaty law and WTO agreements. According to a recent study published by the ITC, all these treaties do not have the same importance for trade and their impact can considerably affect trade interest of a country according to their interests focus.

The importance of international treaties for the private sector

The issue concerning the importance of international treaties and their impact on the performance of the private sector is of great concern for least developed countries. Experts generally agree to assert that effective international treaties are very important since they can facilitate safer inter-state relations, reduce problems of conflicts between states, enhance international cooperation and understanding between states, and most of all, they promote the international rule of law. Trade treaties such as WTO Agreements and the United Nations multilateral treaties are shaping the way trade is conducted. Adopting these treaties sends a signal to international investors and trade operators that a country is serious about creating a secure climate for business.

The choice of treaties to ratify and their effective implementation can make a decisive difference in terms of economic development as a result of greater business confidence and public awareness within a country's business community. Many least developed countries such as Mozambique risk being victims of economic stagnation because they don't adopt major existing treaties, and do not contribute to new ones. Faced with the intricate rules contained in the multitude of trade and investment treaties, these countries frequently don't know where to focus their specific interest nor to concentrate their limited resources.

The current issues on the ratification and implementation of treaties by Mozambique

Considering the particular case of Mozambique, there are only 42 treaties ratified out of the 210 considered by the ITC as most important for trade promotion and facilitation. Thus, in terms of number of instruments ratified, Mozambique is ranked at the global level no. 154 (out of 192 countries in the world), and at the regional level, no. 35 (out of 47 countries in Africa). In terms of country ratification level, Mozambique scores 24.83 (out of 100), lower than the average score in the Africa region (26.26) and the world average (33.87). The meaning of these figures simply puts Mozambique among the least performing countries in the world and in Africa in terms of international trade and investment facilitation.

The assessment of the current state of ratification of treaties reveals that there is generally a limited awareness on the importance of international treaties and their impact on the development of the private sector. While capacity building activities are very limited, there is no strategic approach developed to spot the most interesting treaties and agreements, and there is no mechanism for monitoring and evaluation of treaties ratified or to be ratified.

The point is "how can Mozambique participate more in the drafting new trade rules and most of all, involve the stakeholders, including the private sector operators?" Many government departments have competence to conclude and sign agreements, but there seems to be no consolidation or coordination mechanism at the level of Foreign Affairs or the Assembly of Republic (Parliament). There are apparently some gaps and inconsistencies in the implementation system, including weaknesses at the level of the judicial system whenever there is a need to uphold fundamental rights protected by international treaties.

The way forward

In order to draw the best benefits from the potential impact of treaty law development in Mozambique, it is advisable to go beyond routine conclusion and management of treaties. It is also important to build a positive image of Mozambique as a trade and investment destination. The worldwide dissemination of information on the domestic policies could be a valuable exercise. A case in point is the cover page article published by journalist Joshua Kurlantzick in the New York Times (May 19th, 2005) under the title: "Mozambique...the raising star of Africa" was an excellent opportunity. There are currently various projects on tourism in Mozambique, which, we hope, will reinforce this initiative.

Opening of new frontiers in treaty law for business, investments and technology, promoting better cooperation opportunities; spotting and transforming into concrete benefits potential transactions of prime interests in the economic, political and cultural areas are some of the actions that can be initiated by the Government with the active participation of the private sector and media organizations.

As a practical measure, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive inventory and an updated, accurate data base of treaties currently in force in Mozambique. A mechanism for the monitoring and permanent evaluation of the implementation of treaties in force is of great importance. Government departments and institutions involved in the treaty management process need to provide more information, and facilitate the awareness activities and public debates on the importance of treaties. The Government could for instance use the treaty making process as a development policy tool for poverty eradication; i.e. more trade and investments as well as business opportunities can reduce unemployment, improve the welfare of trade operators and thus can represent a sure way for wealth creation in the country.

The Canadian Political System

The Canadian political system as it is known today was first drafted by the "Fathers of Confederation" at the Quebec conference of 1864. This then became law when the constitution act was passed in 1867. This act gave the formal executive authority to Queen Victoria (Queen of Great Britain) which made Canada a sovereign democracy. The Canadian political system is therefore loosely based on the British system.

Now, Canada is an independent Federal state with the Queen still the head of state. Her powers are extremely limited however, as the Parliament passes the laws which the Queen gives the "Royal Assent" as the final step. The Governor General of Canada is the Queens representative in Canada and carries out all the Royal obligations when the Queen is not in Canada. The Governor is always a Canadian chosen by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. The length of office is normally five years for the Governor General.

The Houses of Parliament (housing the Federal Government) are located in Canada's capital city, Ottawa. There are 3 main sections to the Canadian Parliament. The Queen as the Head of state; the Senate (appointed on the Prime Minister's recommendations) and the elected House of Commons.

The Federal Government has the power to "make laws for the peace, order and good government of Canada" which includes International policies, Defence, Immigration, Criminal Law, Customs and Border control.

The Senate

The Senate is made up of 105 Senators who are appointed by the Governor General on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. These Senators are men and women from all of the Provinces and from a wide variety of backgrounds. They can serve on the Senate up until age 75 and have to be a Canadian citizen, over age 30, own $4,000 of equity in land in their home Province, have over $4,000 as personal net worth and live in the province represented. Each Province or Territory has a set number of Senators - 24 each from the Maritimes, Quebec and Ontario, 6 each from Alberta, BC, Manitoba and Saskatchewan, 6 from Newfoundland and Labrador and a further 1 each from the three Territories.

The main role of the Senate is to read over and examine the "Bills" sent from the House of Commons though they can also initiate Bills. This process ensures that no rogue bills will become law, though only rarely do the Senate reject a Bill - sending it back to the House for amendment. The Bills are subjected to the full legislative process by the Senate and if passed will be given to the Governor General for Royal Assent and thus become Law.

House of Commons

The real power is held by the House of Commons. Here, the members of Parliament (MP's) are elected by the general public during a Federal election - normally every 5 years. The country is split up into constituencies (total 308 by population size) and whichever candidate has the most votes wins the right to represent that constituency and take their "seat" in the Parliament.

Each Most candidates represent a particular political party and the party with the most "seats" takes over as the Government. The main parties in Canada are Paul Martins Liberals (ruling), Stephen Harpers Conservatives, Jack Layton's New Democratic Party, The Bloc Quebecois and The Green Party to name the largest.

The leader of the political party that wins the election becomes the Prime Minister of Canada (currently Paul Martin of the Liberals). The Prime Minister effectively runs the country with the support and advice of his Cabinet. The Cabinet is made up of "Ministers" chosen by the Prime Minister to be responsible for certain areas of the Government. There are ministers of Health, Finance, Defence and Immigration to name a few. These areas of responsibility are called "Portfolio's" and each minister will have a large team of civil servants (normally the experts in that field) working for him/her. Only the ministers change during an election - not the civil servants.

Though the MP's represent their local constituency, their main duties are debating the laws to be made and, depending on their Party, either supporting or opposing the Government. The opposition is the political party with the second most seats in the House and their main job is to hold the government accountable for their decisions.

A Government with a lot of seats in the House will be strong and able to pass most laws they want through Parliament. Conversely, a weak Government (such as now) doesn't have the majority of the seats and has to rely on the support of another party to form an effective Government.

After each election, the Senate and the House of Commons either elect (House) or appoint (Senate) a Speaker. The Speaker is in charge of proceedings and has to be impartial, enforcing the rules of the House/Senate during debates and votes. The Speaker presides over the House from a raised chair with the Government MP's om the right and the opposition on the Left.

Making the Laws

To start with, the House of Commons members introduce a "Bill" (legislative proposal). The details of the Bill are read in the House without debate and then the Bill is printed (the first reading).

During the second reading the principles of the Bill are debated followed by a vote. If successful, the Bill is then sent to the Committee stage.

A committee will listen to testimony, examine the Bill and then submits a report to the House recommending it as it is, with amendments or scrapped. From here it goes to the report stage.
In the report phase, any amendments are debated and voted on. Then it will pass to the third reading. This is where the House finally debates and votes on the final draft - if it passes the vote it is sent to the Senate.

For Small US Business with Dreams of Going International

Many small businesses wish to take their business to the next level and for some this means expanding their markets outside the US. When they do this is great for America and the small businesses, but only if they succeed. You see bringing the money back fixes the trade deficit and everyone wins.

Of course, there is a lot more to it than that, but on a global scale, it helps the money flow. If you have the time and desire to market your products or services overseas, then perhaps you might you might wish to read up on a few books to get a feel as to what you will be dealing with and how you might go about this. If I may, I recommend the following books, to help you get thinking of how all this works:

"International Marketing" by Philip R. Cateora - 1987.

This book will assist the businessperson in "understanding uncontrollable variables in international and domestic marketing and there is a very well summarized and brief history of international trade. A businessperson must have understanding barriers, trade relations, taxation, the IMF and how trade agreements like: GATT, NAFTA, CAFTA work, so you can watch for strategies of entry in various foreign markets. In this book there are chapters that will help you learn about:

  • Licensing, Franchising, Joint Ventures, Consortiums
  • Manufacturing, Outsourcing, Labor, Management Contracts
  • Dynamics in culture, politics, and the risks,
  • International legal issues.
  • Geography barriers, transportation, energy, resources, lifestyle
  • Trade zones, Unions
  • Market complexities
  • Developing Markets, market behavior
  • Researching Global Markets
  • Consumer Markets
  • International Advertising and Promotions. Limitations on language, communicating your strengths,
  • Managing personnel.
  • Pricing for International Markets
  • Logistics
  • Financial requirements
  • Controlling global marketing operations.

Next I recommend that you read a couple of books on specific countries and how you should do business there, as you must understand the culture and system. Let me start by recommending a book on South Korea that is quite good and then think about where you wish to do business and buy a book for each country that is written in a similar fashion:

"Korean Etiquette & Ethics in Business" by Boye De Mente - 1990.

The sub-title that goes with this book is: "A penetrating analysis of the morals and values that shape the Korean Business personality" and the author means it. One of the most interesting things about this book on Korean Business Etiquette and in the introduction is a mention of the word "Hahn" which is a psychic force to perform superhuman feats in overcoming their past terrible legacy, as you read the book or study up on the history of the Korean people you will understand more. The author states that he is not aware of another word in any language like "Hahn" and most of the culture has been influenced by Buddhism, Confucianism and Shamanism.South Korea was once a colony of Japan, before WW II, an economic wasteland.

This book helps the reader understand Korean History. The ethics in South Korea are very noticeable and they are of the highest standards, most Westerners are very impressed by this. The Korean business men dress impeccably and some suggest jokingly that all Korean males are born in three-piece suits.

In the 1400s the culture was a class system, the Great Administration Code with Yangban - Scholars; Muban - Military men; Joong-in - professionals; Sang-min - fishermen, artists, farmers who were former soldiers and it does serve as some insight to how the culture operates even today. In recent times; North Korea and South Korea were separated and we know about this from US History of the Korean War. Koreans do not like to be compared to Japanese, in fact, they may point you to the fact that many of the customs in Japan came from Korea.

Over regulation is huge in South Korea and it hurts small business. Government inspectors have even been known to check and see if the hotel employees have been trained to bow properly. The national interests take priority over the private business interests. There is incredible "red tape" one joint venture with an American pharmaceutical company required 312 documents to be filed. The Main Bureaucracies are:

  1. Customs and Tariffs Bureau
  2. Economic Cooperation Bureau
  3. Finance Bureau
  4. International Finance Bureau
  5. Planning and Management Bureau
  6. Securities and Insurance Bureau
  7. Tax Bureau
  8. Treasury Bureau

The legal foundation in South Korea is somewhat based on a German set of laws, not nearly as accommodating as that in US. Branch offices in South Korea from elsewhere must deposit operating funds into the Bank of Korea. Most all news is reported with a strict nationalistic bias.

Many business laws in South Korea mirror those from the US, such as copyright laws, trademark, employment, labeling, even types of legal company structures. No, they are not identical, but come from the same basic premises. Bigger Companies have more problems in Korea, than small ones, there are huge case studies of American Business mistakes in South Korea, including those with Chrysler Motor Company, you can learn more about how to do business from the American Chamber of Commerce - Amcham, there.

Flexible accounting practices are common with companies owned by the Government to prevent showing end of quarter losses. With Joint Ventures - primary goal of foreign partners is to make profits and in for the South Korean company it is to retain earnings in the country, thus conflicts arise, explains the author. Tariff barriers are fully in forced "against" imports and it is wise to know this upfront.

The Making of a Strong International Currency

Over centuries of complex monetary systems and convoluted denominations, there has always been a currency or two which stood out and made a significant impact on international economic and financial structures. From the Greek drachma of the third century BC to the US dollar of the 20th century, one currency has always risen at any point in time to dominate the global monetary system.

An inherent feature of an important international currency is its stability. This in turn is hinged on several factors which Robert Mundell, an economics professor and Nobel Prize winner, enumerates in his 1998 paper about the euro. Mundell identifies five factors that affect the stability of a given currency, namely: size of transactions domain, stability of monetary policy, absence of controls, strength and continuity of issuing state, and fall-back value.

1. Size of Transactions Domain. The market size on which the currency is circulated affects its liquidity and its ability to withstand financial and economic crises. The German reunification in 1990, for instance, became such a heavy burden to the country's economy that it almost brought about the latter's collapse. An increase in government spending had to be financed by loans and the fledging economy of East Germany had to be revived. The total cost of the reunification was estimated to be 1.5 trillion euros. Now, imagine if that had happened to the much smaller economy of Malta. While it took Germany less than two decades to recover, it would have taken a smaller country much longer to get itself out of the pits and the consequences would have been much worse. Consider also that a currency used by 100 million people is definitely more liquid than a currency circulating among a population of 10 million.

2. Stability of Monetary Policy. A stable monetary policy involves a controlled inflation rate and no abrupt and wide ranging fluctuations of a currency's exchange rate. Taking another example from Germany's history, the hyperinflation of the German mark in the 1920s rendered it almost worthless that a new currency had to be issued. Mundell said there are several ways to achieve a stable monetary policy. Focusing on a stable exchange rate would be the best move for a small, open economy that is situated near a financial giant (like Belgium to Germany). For bigger states, controlling the inflation rate would be a more effective means of ensuring a sound monetary policy.

3. Absence of Controls. Foreign exchange controls are restrictions imposed by the state on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents. These restrictions are allowed by the International Monetary Fund for transitioning economies but would be a ridiculous thing to impose on a currency that is targeted to be heavily involved in international transactions. The currency would not be effective in the international monetary systems if it is largely inconvertible.

4. Strength and Continuity of the Central State. Political stability is a prerequisite of monetary stability. Simply put, a collapsing state takes its currency down with it while a strong state makes way for a stable currency. The Swiss franc, for instance, is considered a haven currency because of Switzerland's political neutrality. The military power of the United States is also cited as an important factor in maintaining the dominance of the dollar.

5. Fall-back Value. The important currencies of the past had a good thing going for them:n they were convertible to gold or silver. That was their fall-back value. The US dollar was also equivalent to gold during the Bretton Woods system. After turning into a fiat currency, the dollar's strength depended on the reputation of the United States as a strong state and a military superpower. On the other hand, the euro as an emerging major currency has yet to establish its fall-back value.

Financial Crises, Global Capital Flows and the International Financial Architecture

The recent upheavals in the world financial markets were quelled by the immediate intervention of both international financial institutions such as the IMF and of domestic ones in the developed countries, such as the Federal Reserve in the USA. The danger seems to have passed, though recent tremors in South Korea, Brazil and Taiwan do not augur well. We may face yet another crisis of the same or a larger magnitude momentarily.

What are the lessons that we can derive from the last crisis to avoid the next?

The first lesson, it would seem, is that short term and long term capital flows are two disparate phenomena with very little in common. The former is speculative and technical in nature and has very little to do with fundamental realities. The latter is investment oriented and committed to the increasing of the welfare and wealth of its new domicile. It is, therefore, wrong to talk about "global capital flows". There are investments (including even long term portfolio investments and venture capital) - and there is speculative, "hot" money. While "hot money" is very useful as a lubricant on the wheels of liquid capital markets in rich countries - it can be destructive in less liquid, immature economies or in economies in transition.

The two phenomena should be accorded a different treatment. While long term capital flows should be completely liberalized, encouraged and welcomed - the short term, "hot money" type should be controlled and even discouraged. The introduction of fiscally-oriented capital controls (as Chile has implemented) is one possibility. The less attractive Malaysian model springs to mind. It is less attractive because it penalizes both the short term and the long term financial players. But it is clear that an important and integral part of the new International Financial Architecture MUST be the control of speculative money in pursuit of ever higher yields. There is nothing inherently wrong with high yields - but the capital markets provide yields connected to economic depression and to price collapses through the mechanism of short selling and through the usage of certain derivatives. This aspect of things must be neutered or at least countered.

The second lesson is the important role that central banks and other financial authorities play in the precipitation of financial crises - or in their prolongation. Financial bubbles and asset price inflation are the result of euphoric and irrational exuberance - said the Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States, the legendary Mr. Greenspun and who can dispute this? But the question that was delicately side-stepped was: WHO is responsible for financial bubbles? Expansive monetary policies, well timed signals in the interest rates markets, liquidity injections, currency interventions, international salvage operations - are all co-ordinated by central banks and by other central or international institutions. Official INACTION is as conducive to the inflation of financial bubbles as is official ACTION. By refusing to restructure the banking system, to introduce appropriate bankruptcy procedures, corporate transparency and good corporate governance, by engaging in protectionism and isolationism, by avoiding the implementation of anti competition legislation - many countries have fostered the vacuum within which financial crises breed.

The third lesson is that international financial institutions can be of some help - when not driven by political or geopolitical considerations and when not married to a dogma. Unfortunately, these are the rare cases. Most IFIs - notably the IMF and, to a lesser extent, the World Bank - are both politicized and doctrinaire. It is only lately and following the recent mega-crisis in Asia, that IFIs began to "reinvent" themselves, their doctrines and their recipes. This added conceptual and theoretical flexibility led to better results. It is always better to tailor a solution to the needs of the client. Perhaps this should be the biggest evolutionary step:

That IFIs will cease to regard the countries and governments within their remit as inefficient and corrupt beggars, in constant need of financial infusions. Rather they should regard these countries as CLIENTS, customers in need of service. After all, this, exactly, is the essence of the free market - and it is from IFIs that such countries should learn the ways of the free market.

In broad outline, there are two types of emerging solutions. One type is market oriented - and the other, interventionist. The first type calls for free markets, specially designed financial instruments (see the example of the Brady bonds) and a global "laissez faire" environment to solve the issue of financial crises. The second approach regards the free markets as the SOURCE of the problem, rather than its solution. It calls for domestic and where necessary international intervention and assistance in resolving financial crises.

Do You Have True Internal Partnering in Your Company? Where Can We Obtain True Partnering?

True Partnering

For several years now the concept of 'Partnering' in business has been discussed, misunderstood and yet aimed for. Companies partnering with their vendors, partnering with their clients and internally departments within the company such as business and IT, being encouraged to work in Partnership.

This article seeks to explain how to obtain true partnering in business and the ramifications for shifting from more traditional ways of engaging.

Firstly we must understand what Partnering is and also what it is not.

What is Partnering?

Throughout history people have sought out business relationships from the simple baker who advertises freshly baked bread in order to attract more Customers, to the 19th Century industrialist who entered into business relationships with his Suppliers based on contractual terms of cost, quality, reliability etc.... In the Western world there were whole sectors of society dedicated to serving their Master or Mistresses households in some way and it is only in the last 100 years or so that the employment of Servants has, on the whole, become obsolete. The terms Consumer, Customer and Client may be used in different contexts however they all refer to the contractual business relationship of a seller and purchaser, the Consumer, Customer or Client being the purchaser.

True Partnering applies where both parties have equal stake in obtaining the same outcome and commit to work together in order to achieve that outcome. If one of the partied can easily go elsewhere to achieve their outcome then they are likely to be a consumer, customer or client and will have greater power in the relationship. This power imbalance will hinder True Partnering. For true partnering then, both parties must feel they have equal value and equal right to contribute to the partnership. They must respect the fact that they actually need each other in order to achieve their business outcome and as soon as one party feels they need the other less, then the delicate balance within the partnership is lost.

Where can we obtain True Partnering?

True partnering between separate companies that has not ended in disagreement or legal action is rare, however they opportunity for True Partnering between departments within one company should be higher. This is because at the highest level all those individuals employed by a company are paid to obtain the same single outcome - the sustainment and increased profits of the company. At the departmental level there is already talk of Partnering e.g. IT partnering with the Business, HR having internal Business Partners, but the words and labels themselves do not necessarily reflect the behavior.

Do you have True Internal Partnering in your Company?

I have worked on several assignments in the last few years with IT teams and IT departments coaching them to gain high performance. In all cases I have asked "What is the purpose of this team/department?" The reply has often been "To serve the Business." This sort of phrase may sound familiar to many of you who are responsible for back office functions. I may be coaching and HR, Finance or Legal function within a business and hear the same response to the fundamental question "What is your purpose?" This reply "To serve the Business" tells me that at a deeper level people who work in that IT department are representing themselves as Servants and their relationship to the Business as one of servitude. I ask "Do you see the Business as your Master then?" which in these times of political correctness is met with outrage! However, if you represent that IT department as an individual person and The Business as an individual person, we can begin to see more clearly, how these two characters are relating to one another. We can also draw out their attitudes, beliefs and feelings towards each other.

Example: Master and Servant - an unequal marriage...

In one IT department I asked each person to write down the key quality that they brought to the team and the area they felt that they most needed to develop. A high majority of the qualities they people felt they brought was "a willingness to help". Equally high proportion of areas that they most needed to develop in was "to improve their ability to say 'no' to people who needed them". We plotted the responses against a stick man called 'IT' and found that if this was a person, they would behave in the following way in a relationship; they would like to help the other party however they would have a problem saying 'no' to their needs. We then drew another stick man next to 'IT' and named this person 'Business'. We mapped perceived behavioral traits onto the Business stick man which were; non-communicative, demanding, thinking IT was not good enough. I asked who had the power in this relationship and all replied, The Business. Obviously IT were colluding in maintaining this relationship but until it became conscious to them, they had no ability to move their behavior and beliefs towards a more equal footing. I suggested that taken to the extreme, IT was like an abused and undervalued wife, doing all she could for a husband (Business) who was demanding and all powerful.

Another common language pattern to listen out for is when IT people talk of the "internal customer". Again this use of terminology highlights the fact that at a deep level people in the company do not see themselves as True Partners, but as a customer that needs serving!

Example: Customer and Server - shopping around...

Recently an IT team I was coaching explained that they were there to 'serve' the business. They spoke of the Business as their Customer. I asked them when they experience being a Customer outside of work? 'When I go into a shop I'm a customer' someone replied. 'Yes when I'm looking for a new suit I'd be a customer'. I then asked if they couldn't find the suit they wanted at the price they were willing to buy it at in the first shop what would they do? 'I'd go to another shop and another until I found the suit I wanted' was the response. 'Exactly' I said and that is why, if you keep referring to The Business as your 'Customer' they may feel that they have a right to reject your IT service and go shopping for the service they want from outside the company. 'Well that already happens' they shouted, 'just the other day I was called to sort something out that had gone wrong with an application that someone had just bought and installed on their laptop without us even knowing and its us they come running to when it all goes wrong!'

I have suggested that in reality the relationship that most closely resembles the relationship between IT and Business is that of a married couple that can't actually divorce! Unless IT is outsourced, then IT and Business are stuck with each other, and the best way to make that work is to go to marriage guidance counseling - I mean start to treat each other as True Partners. When we look at how IT feels towards their 'partner' and how Business feels towards their 'partner', it's often not a match made in heaven.

The Business Benefits of True Partnering

I think its widely recognised now that in order for almost any Company (and particularly those in the Financial Services sector) to compete on the open market and increase profits, those people who work in The Business and those who work in IT must work as a team.

If those in the Business feel that those in IT are there to serve them, thereby assuming greater power in the relationship, they are more likely to dictate the terms on which they interact with IT. They will only give IT the minimum amount of their time and begrudge any more time that IT need in order to come to joint decisions regarding projects. They are unlikely to jointly agree the budget and time constraints, instead, as 'Master' they will simply tell IT what is expected of them. The onus will then be on IT to argue/negotiate what is possible. In true Partnering both parties would have equal input into the decisions right from the start.

In companies where True Partnering is achieved, business results are gained more efficiently as there is less miscommunication, less time wasted covering up information from each other, less energy and time wasted due to dealing with the emotional impact of the unequal relationship. This last point is hard to measure but is probably one of the most significant differences between true Partnering where both parties feel valued, respected and listened to. Team motivation and company energy levels will be much higher where the individual has a clear purpose, is asked to contribute to decision making based on their expertise and likes and respects their team mates. Basically the company will be getting a higher output from each of its employees in a True Partnering environment. It will also be producing what it needs as opposed to what one party thinks it needs.

How to Move to True Partnering?

The relationship between departments within an organisation is hugely influenced by the relationship at board level between those individuals who head up each department. If we continue with the example of IT and The Business, True Partnering is more likely to be achieved if the Head of each Business Unit and the CIO are seen as equally valuable by the CEO* and the rest of the board. (This assumes that the CIO actually sits at the board, similarly with HR, Legal, Finance and any other department of the Company that needs to partner with the income generating business representatives).

a)Equal power within the relationship between the leaders of IT and The Business

If the Head of Business and CIO respect each other, can communicate honestly and openly as equal partners and believe that to obtain certain business outcomes, they need each other equally, then this is likely to be translated down through the management strata in each department, instilling a culture that supports True Partnering.

If this partnering relationship is not lead from the top, then lower down the management levels it's possible to have two leaders that demonstrate good partnering and below them, you will find that Business and IT work well together.

b)Joint decision making where both parties are involved from the start

At each level of interaction between Business and IT, decision making will only take place once both parties have contributed to the discussion and hold equal power to sway the decision. Both parties will prioritize projects, agree on budget and timeliness.

c)Joint responsibility for the outcome

If true partnering is occurring, the business will take equal responsibility for the project development and buy-in across the users. When the project faces challenges both business and IT will feel that they have a joint problem to resolve, they will fell that each other is doing its best and have faith that if a problem occurs, then between them they can resolve it (rather than one party blaming the other for low performance).

How will you know when you have True Partnering in your Company?

Those in IT and Business will enjoy working together. They will not be blaming each other for mistakes but be working on solutions together. If mistakes are made, then there will be no cover up for fear of anger from the other party, instead the party making the mistake will genuinely feel sorry and the other party, will genuinely want to work together to fix it. They will not be making decisions on their own as they will realise that they need the other party to get the best result. When asked what they think of each other, there will be positive statements of respect and value. The quality of the outcome will be a testament to true team work. Whether the new technology is adopted by business end users, will also be a measurement of True Partnering.

Getting rid of the Relationship Baggage

Due to the history of old relationship patterns between Business and IT where both parties have supported (unconsciously) a Master-Servant relationship, it is common for Business to have lost faith in IT and for IT to be under performing. I go back to my extreme analogy of the abused wife struggling to gain the strength, self belief and energy to turn the relationship around.

Rebecca Watson is an associate of Brompton Associates and specialises in Organisational Development and Change. She has worked with a wide variety of organisations and leaders to empower them to deliver through high performing teams.

* Equally valuable may be easily measured by looking at the salaries of those on the board. If there are clear disparities then at the outset the CEO, even the entire market place, is demonstrating a lack of equal value amongst the team that lead the company. The recent trend has been towards valuing HR and IT as equally as Finance and Business Head, but these salary differences are still prevalent.

Politics and Jokes - The Marriage of True Minds

No matter how funny, cruel or lame they may be, no one can joke about the effects of political jokes on the popularity of US presidential candidates. With political humor and spoofs sprawled all over late night shows and the joke-opedia on the net, Barrack Obama, McCain, and their respective running-mates are saving some considerable campaign finances. Just like the old cliché, "bad publicity is still publicity".

Famous for Being Joked About

McCain's republican running-mate, Sarah Palin, has become a household name all over the world after the much-hyped about SNL spoof. Then there's the Leno joke (actually, everyone has joked about this) of her being clueless on the first thing about foreign policies quoting "Up til now, most of her knowledge about foreign countries came from watching the 'Amazing Race.' ... She met with the presidents of Afghanistan, Colombia and Iraq. She was excited because these are all countries you can't see from Alaska."

Ironically, she has gained more popularity all throughout America out of these jokes than out of being the governor of Alaska.

Barrack Obama is never new to Popville. He has been popular since his senatorial years and now, being the very first black presidential candidate. To say that he has been the hot topic of all these late night shows and even the male muse of political joke sites on the web is even an understatement. His fame has been all the rage this political joke season. "Barack Obama, you know has a lot of supporters here in America, but he's very popular internationally. It's quite interesting. This is a true story. It was in the paper. Barack Obama is so popular in the African town where his father was born, they've named a beer after him," mused Conan O'Brien.

McCain, often targeted for his age, has benefited considerably because of the jokes thrown at and about him like arguments in a presidential debate. "No, no, he said he'd like to postpone the presidential debate until he's, you know, ahead in the polls," said Leno in his show.

The "Have-Beens" Being "In" Because of Jokes

Although already a former president, political jokes have never left Clinton ever since the Lewinsky scandal he has involved himself in. Now that his wife is also a strong name in the political rat-race, both of them have the butt of all late night jokes. Their relationship and political ventures have been intertwined in the jokes buzzing the internet. Conan O'Brien even joked, "This weekend, Bill Clinton said Hillary should not drop out of the presidential race. Yeah, when asked why, Bill said, 'because then she'd come home'."

Who Says Election Should Be so Serious?

November 4 is Election Day. That day begins the end. Anything can happened between then and now---economies failing, running-mates getting themselves into more trouble, and the Congress being clueless as to what to do with the Wall Street issue. On the other hand, if you want to stay positive about these topsy-turvy election adventures and laugh in the process, don't fret. More political jokes are being baked in the oven.

Seven Ways International Organizations Can Get the U.S. Government to Listen - and Act

Mystified by the U.S. Government?: you're not alone. International organizations often find it difficult to get the U.S. Congress or federal agencies to even listen to their priorities, much less act on them.

In truth, officials in the U.S. government will listen to what you have to say, but only if you deliver your message in a way that makes sense to them. Here are seven techniques you can use to get them to sit up and take notice!

Technique Number 1: Be Specific About the Constituency Connection

U.S. elected officials and their staff represent the interests of the constituents they represent. Period. Every member of the U.S. House represents about 750,000 people, while every member of the U.S. Senate represents everyone in the state. In order to make an impression, you MUST be able to demonstrate how your issues connect to their constituents "back home."

What does this mean? For International NGOs, it means that if you have a great policy idea or program, you should work to build support among U.S. citizens and get them to reach out to their elected officials. This might include partnering with U.S. groups already working on related issues, or creating grassroots networks in key communities. For businesses, it is essential to understand how policies might impact jobs, development or trade issues in U.S. congressional districts and states -- that's what U.S. elected officials want to know.

Technique Number 2: Be Specific About What You Want

"Educating" U.S. elected officials on international issues rarely succeeds. The best way to ensure that the office pays attention to your issue is to ask for something specific Sometimes, that might be funding for a specific program or support for (or opposition to) a policy idea. In other situations, that might mean asking them to submit a statement to the Congressional Record (find it at http://www.congress.gov) or meet with concerned constituents in their district. Rather then sending reams of paper and statistics on the challenges or opportunities overseas, ask them to make a decision of any sort, and you'll have much more success.

Technique Number 3: Offer To Be a Resource

Elected officials and their staffs usually are not experts in the issue areas they cover and often turn to trusted outside experts for advice. This is especially true for international issues, where the politics are complicated and the consequences of an inappropriate action can be dramatic. If you are an expert in your field, let your congressional office know that you can answer any questions they may have.

Number 4: Tell a Compelling Story

Compelling stories make for powerful messages, perhaps even more so than "shock and awe" statistics. While you don't want to ignore the data, be sure to pay equal attention to the anecdotal stories that make your point. Your job is to MAKE IT REAL for the elected official or staff person. You can achieve that goal by telling a personal story.

Think about it: there's some reason why you've decided to be an advocate on your issues. You've seen the challenges first hand -- you've met the people affected -- you've seen the impacts of certain U.S. policies. You bring a sense of reality and urgency to your requests by demonstrating their concrete effect on real human beings who you interact with every day.

Number 5: Understand Your Audience

Committees rule in Washington, DC, especially when it comes to foreign policy decisions. In order to be successful, you must have an understanding of how the committee structure works. International organizations should, at a minimum, have contacts in the House and Senate Foreign Relations, Appropriations and Tax-related Committees (House Ways and Means and Senate Finance). Check the House and Senate websites at http://www.house.gov and http://www.senate.gov to gain an understanding of these structures. Then think about how you can gain a foothold in the districts of Committee members or, at a minimum Committee chairs and ranking members.

This approach can be particularly useful when dealing with U.S. federal agencies. Think for a minute about where federal agencies get their funding from - that's right, it comes from the U.S. Congress. Do you think agencies are more or less likely to pay attention to the concerns of those officials that approve their budget? If you guessed more, you'd be right. That's why it's essential to have connections on the Appropriations subcommittees related to your programs - those officials can get the attention of related federal agencies very quickly.

Number 6: Get Others Involved in the Asking

There's a reason why groups seek celebrity involvement in their issues - it works! Leonardo DiCaprio does not, to my knowledge, have a degree in environmental engineering. Yet he is seen frequently on Capitol Hill testifying on global warming. U.S. elected officials are star struck just like everyone else. For some reason they are more likely to hear a message when it comes from someone who exudes glamour.

Fortunately, the "others" that you ask to get involved don't always have to be celebrities. They might include business leaders, foreign dignitaries or the international media. Gaining an understanding of the interests and passions of the elected officials you are trying to influence can help you pinpoint the right people to approach. For example, if the chair of the Committee has introduced legislation on saving polar bears, you might want to see if you can get the planet's foremost expert on Polar Bear preservation involved in your cause - even if totally unrelated to your policy concern!